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Expert
Advisers

In England and Wales, there are three types of experts:

  • Party Appointed Expert (PAE)
    • The Expert Witness is appointed and instructed by one of the parties in the dispute
    • Their primary role is to advise the Court on matters within his/her expertise
    • This duty overrides any obligation to the party from whom he/she received instructions, or by whom he/she is paid
  • Single Joint Expert (SJE)
    • The Expert Witness is appointed and instructed by all parties involved in the dispute
    • Their primary role is to advise the Court on matters within his/her expertise
    • This duty overrides any obligation to the parties from whom he/she received instructions, or by whom he/she is paid
  • Expert Adviser (Shadow Expert)
    • The Expert is appointed by one of the parties to advise them in a dispute
    • The Expert is not covered by the Civil Procedure Rules
    • He/she does not have a duty to the Court and will not normally give evidence

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